TCA Research

Research & Publications

A peer-reviewed database of how hatchery salmonids affect wild salmonids — and the published scientific work of TCA's leadership.

Hatchery Database Publications

The Database

The Global Hatchery-Impact Database

A peer-reviewed synthesis of how hatchery salmonids affect wild salmonids — 206 studies, 51 years of evidence, six continents. The most extensive database of its kind ever assembled.

83%
of the 206 studies with a coded effect report adverse or minimally adverse effects of hatchery salmonids on wild salmonids. Genetic effects on diversity are the most common, followed by impacts on productivity and abundance. Source: McMillan et al. 2023, Fisheries Management and Ecology.
How to cite: McMillan, J. R., Morrison, B., Chambers, N., Ruggerone, G., Bernatchez, L., Stanford, J., & Neville, H. (2023). A global synthesis of peer-reviewed research on the effects of hatchery salmonids on wild salmonids. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 30, 446–463. doi.org/10.1111/fme.12643 · Open access (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Showing 206 of 206 studies
Year Authors Title Journal Effect

Publications

The Scientists Behind TCA

The most-cited peer-reviewed work of TCA's leadership. Citation counts from Google Scholar; titles link to the full paper search.

John R. McMillan

President
  1. 2015
    Anadromy and residency in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a review of the processes and patterns NW Kendall, JR McMillan, MR Sloat, TW Buehrens, TP Quinn, GR Pess, et al. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72 (3)
    335Cited by
  2. 2014
    Ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines MR Sloat, DJ Fraser, JB Dunham, JA Falke, CE Jordan, JR McMillan, et al. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 24 (3)
    118Cited by
  3. 2012
    Individual condition and stream temperature influence early maturation of rainbow and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss JR McMillan, JB Dunham, GH Reeves, JS Mills, CE Jordan Environmental Biology of Fishes 93 (3)
    109Cited by
  4. 2023
    A global synthesis of peer-reviewed research on the effects of hatchery salmonids on wild salmonids JR McMillan, B Morrison, N Chambers, G Ruggerone, L Bernatchez, et al. Fisheries Management and Ecology 30 (5)
    99Cited by
  5. 2007
    Observational evidence of spatial and temporal structure in a sympatric anadromous (winter steelhead) and resident rainbow trout mating system on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington JR McMillan, SL Katz, GR Pess Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136 (3)
    99Cited by
  6. 2015
    Cold-water fishes and climate change in North America JE Williams, D Isaak, J Imhof, DA Hendrickson, JR McMillan Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences
    76Cited by
  7. 2001
    Salmonid behavior and water temperature ST Sauter, J McMillan, JB Dunham U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10
    72Cited by
  8. 2021
    Reconnecting the Elwha River: spatial patterns of fish response to dam removal JJ Duda, CE Torgersen, SJ Brenkman, RJ Peters, KT Sutton, HA Connor, et al. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9
    64Cited by
  9. 2021
    The impacts of dam construction and removal on the genetics of recovering steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations across the Elwha River watershed AK Fraik, JR McMillan, M Liermann, T Bennett, ML McHenry, et al. Genes 12 (1)
    54Cited by
  10. 2017
    Relocation and recolonization of coho salmon in two tributaries to the Elwha River: implications for management and monitoring M Liermann, G Pess, M McHenry, J McMillan, M Elofson, T Bennett, et al. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 146 (5)
    49Cited by
Full bibliography on Google Scholar John on ResearchGate

George R. Pess

COO & Director of Science
  1. 2004
    The network dynamics hypothesis: how channel networks structure riverine habitats LEE Benda, NL Poff, D Miller, T Dunne, G Reeves, G Pess, M Pollock BioScience 54 (5)
    1,189Cited by
  2. 2010
    Process-based principles for restoring river ecosystems TJ Beechie, DA Sear, JD Olden, GR Pess, JM Buffington, H Moir, P Roni, et al. BioScience 60 (3)
    1,088Cited by
  3. 2002
    A review of stream restoration techniques and a hierarchical strategy for prioritizing restoration in Pacific Northwest watersheds P Roni, TJ Beechie, RE Bilby, FE Leonetti, MM Pollock, GR Pess North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22 (1)
    1,030Cited by
  4. 1995
    Pool spacing in forest channels DR Montgomery, JM Buffington, RD Smith, KM Schmidt, G Pess Water Resources Research 31 (4)
    714Cited by
  5. 2010
    Hydrological connectivity for riverine fish: measurement challenges and research opportunities AH Fullerton, KM Burnett, EA Steel, RL Flitcroft, GR Pess, BE Feist, et al. Freshwater Biology 55 (11)
    453Cited by
  6. 1999
    Channel type and salmonid spawning distribution and abundance DR Montgomery, EM Beamer, GR Pess, TP Quinn Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56 (3)
    429Cited by
  7. 2013
    Restoring salmon habitat for a changing climate T Beechie, H Imaki, J Greene, A Wade, H Wu, G Pess, P Roni, J Kimball, et al. River Research and Applications 29 (8)
    416Cited by
  8. 2015
    Wood placement in river restoration: fact, fiction, and future direction P Roni, T Beechie, G Pess, K Hanson Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72 (3)
    337Cited by
  9. 2015
    Anadromy and residency in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a review of the processes and patterns NW Kendall, JR McMillan, MR Sloat, TW Buehrens, TP Quinn, GR Pess, et al. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72 (3)
    335Cited by
  10. 2015
    Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: river channel and floodplain geomorphic change AE East, GR Pess, JA Bountry, CS Magirl, AC Ritchie, JB Logan, et al. Geomorphology 228
    303Cited by
Full bibliography on Google Scholar George on ResearchGate

Nick Chambers

Senior Scientist
  1. 2023
    A global synthesis of peer-reviewed research on the effects of hatchery salmonids on wild salmonids JR McMillan, B Morrison, N Chambers, G Ruggerone, L Bernatchez, J Stanford, H Neville Fisheries Management and Ecology 30 (5)
    100Cited by
  2. 2025
    Dispersal of fry and distribution of redds interact to shape density dependence in winter steelhead of the Skagit River N Chambers Master's Thesis, University of Washington
    —Cited by
Full bibliography on Google Scholar